
John Cherian
Slipping into Chaos
One year after the NATO intervention, Libya faces disintegration as the oil-rich eastern region seeks semi-autonomy
Libya seems to be on the verge of disintegration one year after the
military intervention by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
In the first week of March, leaders from its oil-rich eastern region,
which includes Benghazi, the focal point of the Western-backed rebellion
that ousted Muammar Qaddafi, announced their intention to seek
“semi-autonomy” from the central government. The meeting in Benghazi,
where the decision was taken, was attended by major political leaders,
military commanders and tribal leaders from the region. The new
“semi-autonomous” region, Cyrenaica, will extend from the central
coastal city of Sirte, Qaddafi’s hometown, to the country’s border with
Egypt. According to energy experts, the area holds around two-thirds of
the country’s oil reserves.
Observers of the Libyan scene predict that the move is aimed at
partitioning the country. At the Benghazi meeting, there was an open
call for the re-adoption of the 1951 Constitution, which recognised
Tripoli as the administrative capital and Benghazi as the financial
capital of the country.
Under King Idris, the pro-Western puppet ruler at the time, Libya was
divided into three provinces, Cyrenaica in the east, Tripolitana in the
west and Fezzan in the south.
Benghazi, where the King resided, was the
centre of decision making. The United States had military bases nearby
while big Western oil companies monopolised the country’s oil resources.
After Qaddafi came to power, he nationalised the oil industry and
forced the U.S. to vacate its bases.